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Study on the interfacial shear behavior of steel reinforced concrete (SRC) members with stud connectors afterfire

Zihua ZHANG,Junhua LI,Lei ZHANG,Kai YU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第2期页码 140-150 doi: 10.1007/s11709-014-0250-1

摘要： Statically push-out tests of 20 steel reinforced concrete short columns (SRCSC) with stud connectors on the surface of shape steel after fire and two SRCSC under ambient temperature were carried out, in order to study the failure mode, load-slip relationship and the interfacial shear transfer of SRC members after fire. Experimental results show that the typical failure modes and load-slip curves of SRCSC after fire are almost the same as the case under ambient temperature. The interfacial shear transfer of SRCSC declines exponentially not only with the increase of the peak temperature the specimen experienced but also with the increase of the peak temperature duration. The interfacial shear transfer of the specimens with studs arranged at the steel web is much higher than those with studs arranged at the steel flange. Empirical formulas of SRCSC interfacial shear transfer after fire are proposed, and the calculated results generally agree well with the experimental results.

关键词： steel reinforced concrete (SRC) short column stud connector after fire interfacial shear transfer

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Evacuation strategies for vertical ship lift during initial fire: Integrated application of stairs and

Shu CHEN, Menghan SHANG, Jianping WANG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第1期页码 135-147 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0125-1

摘要： Vertical ship lifts (VSLs) are widely used in navigation facilities worldwide because of their efficiency and low cost. Although several researchers have investigated fire evacuation strategies for reducing potential safety hazards in VSLs, an effective and integrated application of stairs and elevators when a fire occurs in a VSL is necessary. Several evacuation routes were analyzed according to VSL structure and evacuation times in this study. Objective function corresponding to the minimum vertical evacuation time and related simulation model was subsequently developed to obtain a cooperative evacuation plan considering different numbers of evacuees. The Three Gorges ship lift was used as an example, and simulation results indicate that number of evacuees and exit selection are the main influencing factors of the total evacuation time in the stair- and elevator-coordinated evacuation mode. Furthermore, the distance between people trapped in ship reception chamber and evacuation exits affects evacuees’ choice of exits. The proposed model can provide a theoretical reference for evacuation research during initial fire events in VSLs.

关键词： vertical ship lift initial fire fire evacuation numerical simulation stair elevator

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Outcomes of patients awaiting lung transplantation after the implementation of donation after brain death

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第5期页码 760-765 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0899-5

摘要： Voluntary contribution has become the only source of donor lungs in China since 2015. To elaborate the outcomes of patients awaiting lung transplantation (LTx) after the implementation of donation after brain death, we performed a retrospective study that encompassed 205 patients with end-stage lung disease who registered for LTx at Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital from January 1, 2015 to January 1, 2021. A total of 180 patients were enrolled in the study. The median waiting time was 1.25 months. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) (103/180, 57.2%) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (56/180, 31.1%) were the most common diseases in our study population. The mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) of patients in the died-waiting group was higher than that of the survivors (53.29±21.71 mmHg vs. 42.11±18.58 mmHg, P=0.002). The mortality of patients with ILD (34/103, 33.00%) was nearly twice that of patients with COPD (10/56, 17.86%) while awaiting LTx (P=0.041). In the died-waiting group, patients with ILD had a shorter median waiting time than patients with COPD after being listed (0.865 months vs. 4.720 months, P=0.030). ILD as primary disease and mPAP > 35 mmHg were two significant independent risk factors for waitlist mortality, with hazard ratios (HR) of 3.483 (95% CI 1.311–9.111; P=0.011) and 3.500 (95% CI 1.435–8.536; P=0.006). Hence, LTx is more urgently needed in patients with ILD and pulmonary hypertension.

关键词： lung transplantation donation after brain death waitlist

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基于火灾动力学和概率统计理论耦合的建筑火灾直接损失预估

褚冠全,孙金华

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第8期页码 64-68

摘要：

以火灾成长概率和火灾发生后的过火面积为评价指标，探讨对建筑火灾过火面积的预估方法。依据火灾动力学和火灾发展过程中不同阶段的特点，将火灾由初期发展蔓延到整个防火分区的过程划分为4个阶段，采用概率论和事件树的分析方法，得到了每个阶段的火灾成长概率。根据不同阶段火灾的特点，求得了各阶段火灾的临界时间，并以此为基础对火灾发生后建筑物平均过火面积进行了预估。

关键词：建筑火灾火灾风险评估事件树概率过火面积

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森林火险与气象因素的多元相关性及其分析

宋卫国,马剑,Satoh K,王健

《中国工程科学》 2006年第8卷第2期页码 61-66

摘要：

森林火灾发生概率预测涉及气象、树种、地理条件与人类活动等诸因素，气象参数对火灾的影响一直是森林火灾研究的重点之一。选用日平均湿度、降水量、平均风速、平均温度和日照时间等5种典型气象参数，利用BP神经网络分析了它们对火灾发生概率的综合影响；研究了多种气象参数综合作用下火灾发生概率的变化规律。结果表明，气象参数与火灾发生概率之间存在稳定的关联，神经网络在处理多参数综合影响方面具有较好的泛化能力，可以作为预测林火概率的可靠方法，为森林火灾研究提供了基础数据。

关键词：神经网络森林火灾火灾发生概率气象参数火灾风险

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火灾安全科学——一个新兴交叉的工程科学领域

范维澄,刘乃安

《中国工程科学》 2001年第3卷第1期页码 6-14

摘要：

火灾安全科学致力于揭示火灾过程的机理和规律，并且为火灾防治提供技术原理。20世纪后期以来，火灾安全科学的发展令人瞩目。文章介绍了火灾安全科学兴起的背景和发展史，论述了这门学科的任务，并系统阐述了当前火灾安全技术层面的发展重点和需要解决的重要基础问题。

关键词：火灾火灾安全科学交叉科学

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森林火灾预报的新视角

赵宪文

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第5期页码 66-71

摘要：

从森林火灾成灾的三个基本因子（火源、环境和可燃物）入手，在宏观上对西南地区森林火灾预报方法进行了探讨。在预测林火发生方面，考虑到人为火是发生森林火灾的主要原因，有很大随机性，因而采用了马尔科夫随机过程理论。在分析成灾环境时，采用了与天、地、生相关分析的方法。特别在可燃物的贮量估测方面，用航天遥感数据，提出一套新的框算方法，为在区域的尺度上估测森林火灾给出了有效的、定量的方法，从而提高了可信度。

关键词：森林火灾预报航天遥感火灾基本因子新视角

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舰船细水雾灭火系统研究回顾

陆强,廖光煊,黄鑫,宛田宾

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第9期页码 88-94

摘要：

近十多年来，国际安全领域对细水雾灭火技术的研究方兴未艾，以美英等国海军为代表的西方各国海军对细水雾在舰船尤其是舰船动力机舱的应用进行了大量研究，结果令人振奋。对该领域的研究作了简单的回顾，旨在使国内安全领域的工作者对此有所了解，为我国海军在这方面的研究提供些许借鉴。

关键词：细水雾油池火射流火

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Development of realistic design fire time-temperature curves for the testing of cold-formed steel wall

Anthony Deloge ARIYANAYAGAM,Mahen MAHENDRAN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第4期页码 427-447 doi: 10.1007/s11709-014-0279-1

摘要： Fire resistance rating of light gauge steel frame (LSF) wall systems is obtained from fire tests based on the standard fire time-temperature curve. However, fire severity has increased in modern buildings due to higher fuel loads as a result of modern furniture and light weight constructions that make use of thermoplastics materials, synthetic foams and fabrics. Some of these materials are high in calorific values and increase both the spread of fire growth and heat release rate, thus increasing the fire severity beyond that of the standard fire curve. Further, the standard fire curve does not include a decay phase that is present in natural fires. Despite the increasing usage of LSF walls, their behavior in real building fires is not fully understood. This paper presents the details of a research study aimed at developing realistic design fire curves for use in the fire tests of LSF walls. It includes a review of the characteristics of building fires, previously developed fire time-temperature curves, computer models and available parametric equations. The paper highlights that real building fire time-temperature curves depend on the fuel load representing the combustible building contents, ventilation openings and thermal properties of wall lining materials, and provides suitable values of many required parameters including fuel loads in residential buildings. Finally, realistic design fire time-temperature curves simulating the fire conditions in modern residential buildings are proposed for the testing of LSF walls.

关键词： fire safety standard fire curve realistic design fire time-temperature curves light gauge steel frame (LSF) walls fire resistance rating fuel load

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大空间内着火位置对火灾增长的影响

石龙,张瑞芳, 谢启源,付丽华

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第11期页码 37-42

摘要：

以大空间展厅为例，利用火源辐射模型和烟气辐射模型并结合CFAST6.0区域模拟软件的计算结果，对比分析了大空间内不同着火位置下火灾增长的情况。研究结果表明仅考虑火源热辐射的情况下，展厅内着火位置越处于左右中间对称处，其火灾增长越快，热释放速率峰值也越大，达到热释放速率峰值的时间和火灾的持续时间越短，处于展厅中心位置时所有值达峰值。对火源热辐射和烟气辐射综合考虑时，到达热释放速率峰值时间与火灾持续时间的规律同仅考虑火源辐射模型时一致，但热释放速率峰值均有不同程度的提高。

关键词：火灾增长大空间着火位置火灾场景设置火源辐射模型烟气辐射模型

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acting carmustine loaded natural extracellular matrix hydrogel for inhibition of glioblastoma recurrence after

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第4期页码 536-545 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2067-5

摘要： Many scientific efforts have been made to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and target glioblastoma cells, but the outcomes have been limited. More attention should be given to local inhibition of recurrence after glioblastoma resection to meet real medical needs. A biodegradable wafer containing the chemotherapeutics carmustine (1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, BCNU) was the only local drug delivery system approved for clinical glioblastoma treatment, but with a prolonged survival time of only two months and frequent side effects. In this study, to improve the sustained release and prolonged therapeutic effect of drugs for inhibiting tumor recurrence after tumor resection, both free BCNU and BCNU- poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (the ratio of lactic acid groups to glycolic acid groups is 75/25) nanoparticles were simultaneously loaded into natural extracellular matrix hydrogel from pigskin to prepare BCNU gels. The hydrogel was injected into the resection cavity of a glioblastoma tumor immediately after tumor removal in a fully characterized resection rat model. Free drugs were released instantly to kill the residual tumor cells, while drugs in nanoparticles were continuously released to achieve a continuous and effective inhibition of the residual tumor cells for 30 days. These combined actions effectively restricted tumor growth in rats. Thus, this strategy of local drug implantation and delivery may provide a reliable method to inhibit the recurrence of glioblastoma after tumor resection in vivo.

关键词： BCNU glioblastoma recurrence tumor resection nanoparticles hydrogel

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性能化防火设计中火灾场景设置初步研究

徐亮,张和平,杨昀,朱五八

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第1期页码 64-67

摘要：

火灾场景的设置是性能化设计的关键步骤，重点介绍了常用的火灾增长曲线设计方法，并且以高架仓库火灾设计为例，说明了如何灵活运用火灾设计方法。

关键词：火灾场景设置火灾增长曲线热释放速率

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我国煤矿矿井防灭火技术研究综述

鲜学福,王宏图,姜德义,刘保县

《中国工程科学》 2001年第3卷第12期页码 28-32

摘要：

总结了近年来我国在煤矿矿井火灾预测预报理论及方法、矿井煤炭自燃火源区域探测方法、矿井防灭火技术、外源火灾检测及防治和矿井防灭火决策系统等方面的研究和应用进展，分析了我国在煤矿矿井防灭火技术研究和应用中存在的问题。

关键词：矿井火灾防灭火技术外因火灾煤的自燃发火研究进展

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油池火中细水雾强化火焰现象的研究

陆强,李钙,廖光煊,黄鑫,朱伟

《中国工程科学》 2006年第8卷第7期页码 78-82

摘要：

细水雾与油池火相互作用之初往往会使燃烧剧烈，强化火焰。实验研究与理论分析表明，雾滴在可燃物表面蒸发是造成这种现象的主要原因。通过改变燃料种类、喷头雾特性参数等实验工况发现火焰强化程度主要决定于燃料的挥发性以及雾滴的直径、速度等参数。而在油盆中加水后燃料表面温度降低、火焰功率下降，火焰强化现象随着加水量的增加而逐渐弱化乃至消失，细水雾系统的灭火时间也明显缩短。

关键词：细水雾油池火共沸过压热释放速率

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Temperature and structural responses of a single-section utility tunnel throughout fire exposure

Yanmin YANG; Ying XIONG; Yongqing LI; Xiangkun MENG; Peng WANG; Tianyuan CAI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第10期页码 1351-1364 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0857-6

摘要： In this study, fire tests of four single-section scaled-down utility tunnels were conducted. By analyzing temperature and structural responses of the utility tunnel throughout the fire exposure, the effects on the fire behavior of two different construction methods, cast-in-situ and prefabricated, and of two different materials, ordinary concrete and full lightweight concrete, were explored. The results of the study showed that the shear failure of the cast-in-situ utility tunnel occurred at the end of the top or bottom plate, and the failure of the prefabricated utility tunnel occurred at the junction of the prefabricated member and post-cast concrete. As the temperature increased, the temperature gradient along the thickness direction of the tunnel became apparent. The maximum temperature difference between the inner and outer wall surfaces was 531.7 °C. The highest temperature occurred in the cooling stage after stopping the heating, which provided a reference for the fire protection design and rescue of the utility tunnel. The displacement of the top plate of the prefabricated utility tunnel was 16.8 mm, which was 41.8% larger than that of the cast-in-situ utility tunnel. The bearing capacities of the ordinary concrete utility tunnel and full lightweight concrete utility tunnel after the fire loss were 27% and 16.8%, respectively. The full lightweight concrete utility tunnel exhibited good ductility and fire resistance and high collapse resistance.

关键词： full lightweight concrete construction methods temperature response structural response fire test